Inclusion criteria were patients over 40 years old with a documented history of T2DM for more than six months without any other chronic diseases, without the background of thyroid, liver, and any chronic diseases or under medical therapy for hyperlipidemia, not being pregnant or lactating, not consumption of any other supplements (antioxidants, minerals or vitamins, omega 3, and carnitine) or herbal medicines. To calculate sample size, based on α = 0.05, effect size 80%, and a power of 90%, 25 persons have been estimated for each group however due to drop-out, 52 subjects with T2DM were recruited that 41 of them completed the study. We designed our study based on CONSORT statement for randomized clinical trials. Given that the content of the human diet is poor in terms of chromium and based on contradictory evidence regarding the effects of chromium, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of this supplement on fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol, lipoproteins, insulin and Insulin resistance in T2DM patients.
however, some studies reported no beneficial effect for chromium in T2DM patients.
Some studies have shown that chromium could improve both glucose and insulin metabolism. Chromium with the mechanism that expands insulin cell signaling through the low molecular weight chromium-binding substance increases the sensitivity of insulin receptors in the plasma membrane and improves glycemic control. There is evidence that in diabetic patients, subclinical chromium deficiency is associated with elevated blood glucose, insulin, and lipid levels that may adversely affect the management of diabetes and its repletion after experimental dietary depletion led to improvement in glycemic status. Chromium as an essential element is found in foods and dietary supplements that plays an important role in insulin function and glucose metabolism in mammalian. Recently the dietary supplements including chromium were used to manage T2DM and improve glycemic control. Furthermore, it is imperative to identify some preventive strategies to decrease the risk of diabetes and its complications.
#Chromium and blood sugar trial
The Diabetes Control and Complication Trial reported that tight blood glucose control noticeably slows the complications of diabetes therefore many diabetic patients struggle to manage their blood glucose levels with existing treatments. This chronic disease results from defects in insulin secretion and/or peripheral insulin resistance, that both deteriorate glycemic control. The prevalence of T2DM is increasing at an alarming rate, so that the number of Iranian adults suffering from diabetes was more than four millions in 2011 and has been raised by 35% over the past years. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a serious public health problem, with high rates of morbidity and mortality in low- or middle-income countries. However, the modest beneficial effects of chromium supplementation on insulin resistance as indicated by HOMA-IR and lipid profile were found. In this study, oral supplementation with 400 µg CrPic for eight weeks did not alter FBG concentration as well as anthropometric parameters in individuals with T2DM. Results of analysis of covariance showed that there were significance differences between groups in total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and HOMA-IR at the end of the intervention adjusting for baseline levels (p = 0.035, 0.030 and < 0.001, respectively).
No significant changes were observed for weight, body mass index, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) in both groups while intra-groups changes in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value was significant (p < 0.05). The patients were recommended not to change their normal diet, life style and medication. Anthropometric indices and metabolic factors were measured at the beginning, and at end of the study. One group received 400 µg CrPic per day and the other group took placebo the intervention duration was 8 weeks. The patients with T2DM (n = 52) were randomly allocated into 2 groups. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrPic) supplementation on the glycemic status and lipid profile in patients with T2DM. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health problem accompanies with several complications.
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